Fatal embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma with leptomeningeal metastases debuting as Gradenigo syndrome: Case report and literature review

After the antibiotic era, infectious causes of Model Kits Gradenigo Syndrome (GS) have become rare, and other non-infectious etiologies, like granulomatous diseases and tumors, have been reported.Embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma (ER) is an aggressive malignant tumor that rarely affects the middle ear.Although infrequent, when it involves the petrous part

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Hypoxia-preconditioned WJ-MSC spheroid-derived exosomes delivering miR-210 for renal cell restoration in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury

Abstract Background Recent advancements in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) technology have paved the way for innovative treatment options for various diseases.These stem cells play a crucial role in tissue regeneration and repair, releasing local anti-inflammatory and healing signals.However, challenges such as homing issues and tumorigenicity have led

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